Foreword
In the first few months of radiology training, mastery of emergency radiology topics remains the major focus of training for new residents. In order to competently handle their on-call duties, beginning residents are expected to excel in diagnosis of life-threatening conditions.
The paucity of a well-organized study resource to address such selective preparation represents an additional challenge. The excellent emergency radiology book by Harris has become outdated, appropriate to be used as an introductory, rather than a comprehensive resource. The frequently-advised “fundamentals of radiology” book by Brant & Helms is more of a review book and a “round rescue” rather than an emergency radiology walkthrough. The newly published textbook of “emergency radiology” from Diagnostic Imaging series is a valuable and comprehensive resource, but remains in bullet format of a review book. It was in the face of this void that we decided to prepare this document.
The first step was to put in order a comprehensive list of emergency radiology topics, which was adopted from the ASER Core Curriculum in Emergency Radiology at http://www.aseronline.org/curriculum/toc.htm. Topic-specific articles were then chosen through PubMed searches. Only articles with large numbers of representative pictures from major radiology journals were chosen, with preference given to educational exhibits. The last section, “Foreign Bodies, Lines and Devices”, is added to serve as an on-call reference.
We have tried to make this document as comprehensive as possible. Some topics are explored to a greater extent in the literature, hence the multiplicity of suggested articles in those areas. Although it was tempting to devise some kind of importance rank-order, either among different topics or for articles on the same topic, this would have not been more than arbitrary. We will leave this to the taste and preferences of the users. Also, due to the large number of the articles and time restraints, not all articles have been reviewed in depth. A few articles might lack the expected strength or content, but are included for comprehensiveness.
I acknowledge and value the contribution of my friend and fellow resident, Dr. S. Bin Khamis, in preparation of the first draft of this collection in July 2006.
Khashayar Rafat Zand, MD FRCPC DABR
Table Of Contents (Update October 2009)
1. General
Subcutaneous emphysema: diagnostic clue in the emergency room. Martí de Gracia M, Gutiérrez FG, Martínez M, Dueñas VP. Emerg Radiol. 2009 Sep;16(5):343-8.
What ER radiologists need to know about radiation risks. Huda W. Emerg Radiol. 2009 Sep;16(5):335-41
Managing an acute adverse event in a radiology department. Kruskal JB, Siewert B, Anderson SW, Eisenberg RL, Sosna J. Radiographics. 2008 Sep-Oct;28(5):1237-50.
Current Role of Emergency US in Patients with Major Trauma. Körner M, Krötz MM, Degenhart C, Pfeifer KJ, Reiser MF, Linsenmaier U. Radiographics. 2008 Jan-Feb;28(1):225-42.
Imaging the pregnant patient for nonobstetric conditions: algorithms and radiation dose considerations. Patel SJ, Reede DL, Katz DS, Subramaniam R, Amorosa JK. Radiographics. 2007 Nov-Dec;27(6):1705-22
New proposed responsibilities of a radiologist in the emergency room: what you need to know and must, shall, should do. Goldman SM. Emerg Radiol. 2006 Mar;12(3):87.
2. Patient Safety
1) Canadian Association of Radiology Resources:
CAR Guidelines for Prevention of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy (see erratum)
2) American College of Radiology Resources:
Relative Radiation Level Information
ACR Manual on Contrast Media, Version 6
3) ACR Practice Guidelines for:
Use of Intravascular Contrast Media
Imaging Pregnant or Potentially Pregnant Patient
ACR Screening Recommendations for NSF
4) Contrast-Related Complications:
Adverse reactions to intravenous iodinated contrast media: a primer for radiologists. Namasivayam S, Kalra MK, Torres WE, Small WC. Emerg Radiol. 2006 Jul;12(5):210-5.
Review article: Acute serious and fatal reactions to contrast media: our current understanding. Morcos SK. Br J Radiol. 2005 Aug;78(932):686-93.
Anaphylactoid reaction to oral contrast for computed tomography.Seymour CW, Pryor JP, Gupta R, Schwab CW. J Trauma. 2004 Nov;57(5):1105-7.
Frequently asked questions: iodinated contrast agents. Bettmann MA. Radiographics. 2004 Oct;24 Suppl 1:S3-10.
Importance of an expedited review of images after an adverse reaction to CT contrast material. Rizzo S, Kalra MK, Maher MM. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2004 Oct;183(4):1174-5.
Management of acute adverse reactions to contrast media.Thomsen HS, Morcos SK; Contrast Media Safety Committee of European Society of Urogenital Radiology. Eur Radiol. 2004 Mar;14(3):476-81
5) Other Resources:
Quality initiatives: imaging pregnant patients with suspected pulmonary embolism: what the radiologist needs to know. Pahade JK, Litmanovich D, Pedrosa I, Romero J, Bankier AA, Boiselle PM. Radiographics. 2009 May-Jun;29(3):639-54.
Imaging the pregnant patient for nonobstetric conditions: algorithms and radiation dose considerations. Patel et al.Radiographics. 2007 Nov-Dec;27(6):1705-22
Pregnancy policy. Brent RL, Mettler FA. AJR 2004 Mar;182(3):819-22.
3. Central Nervous System
1. Extra-axial hemorrhages & parenchymal injuries
Imaging of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage. Young RJ, Destian S. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2002 May;12(2):189-204.
Imaging of sequelae of head trauma. Zee CS, Hovanessian A, Go JL, Kim PE. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2002 May;12(2):325-38, ix.
Surgical management of head trauma. Gruen P. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2002 May;12(2):339-43.
Diffuse axonal injuries: pathophysiology and imaging. Hammoud DA, Wasserman BA. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2002 May;12(2):205-16
2. Herniation syndromes
Imaging of acquired cerebral herniations. Johnson PL, Eckard DA, Chason DP, Brecheisen MA, Batnitzky S. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2002 May;12(2):217-28.
3. Cerebral infarction
CT protocol for acute stroke: tips and tricks for general radiologists. de Lucas EM, Sánchez E, Gutiérrez A, Mandly AG, Ruiz E, Flórez AF, Izquierdo J, Arnáiz J, Piedra T, Valle N, Bañales I, Quintana F. Radiographics. 2008 Oct;28(6):1673-87.
Imaging-guided acute ischemic stroke therapy: From “time is brain” to “physiology is brain”. González RG.AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2006 Apr;27(4):728-35.
Modern emergent stroke imaging: pearls, protocols, and pitfalls. Mullins ME. Radiol Clin North Am. 2006 Jan;44(1):41-62, vii-viii.
State-of-the-art imaging of acute stroke. Srinivasan A, Goyal M, Al Azri F, Lum C. Radiographics. 2006 Oct;26 Suppl 1:S75-95.
Non-traumatic neurological emergencies: imaging of cerebral ischemia. Grunwald I, Reith W. Eur Radiol. 2002 Jul;12(7):1632-47.
4. Dural sinus thrombosis
Cerebral venous thrombosis and multidetector CT angiography: tips and tricks. Rodallec MH, Krainik A, Feydy A, Hélias A, Colombani JM, Jullès MC, Marteau V, Zins M. Radiographics. 2006 Oct;26 Suppl 1:S5-18; discussion S42-3
Imaging of cerebral venous thrombosis: current techniques, spectrum of findings, and diagnostic pitfalls. Leach JL, Fortuna RB, Jones BV, Gaskill-Shipley MF. Radiographics. 2006 Oct;26 Suppl 1:S19-41; discussion S42-3.
Neuroimaging of cerebral venous thrombosis. Wasay M, Azeemuddin M. J Neuroimaging. 2005 Apr;15(2):118-28.
Thrombosis of the cerebral veins and sinuses. Stam J. N Engl J Med. 2005 Apr 28;352(17):1791-8.
The empty delta sign. Lee EJ. Radiology. 2002 Sep;224(3):788-9.
5. Vascular injuries
Blunt cerebrovascular injuries: imaging with multidetector CT angiography. Sliker CW. Radiographics. 2008 Oct;28(6):1689-708.
Craniocervical arterial dissection: spectrum of imaging findings and differential diagnosis. Rodallec MH, Marteau V, Gerber S, Desmottes L, Zins M. Radiographics. 2008 Oct;28(6):1711-28.
Imaging of traumatic neurovascular injury.Stallmeyer MJ, Morales RE, Flanders AE. Radiol Clin North Am. 2006 Jan;44(1):13-39, vii.
Traumatic vascular injuries and their management.Larsen DW. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2002 May;12(2):249-69.
6. Penetrating injuries
Radiographic assessment of cranial gunshot wounds.Kim PE, Go JL, Zee CS. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2002 May;12(2):229-48.
7. Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome
CT and CT-perfusion findings of reversible leukoencephalopathy during triple-H therapy for symptomatic subarachnoid hemorrhage-related vasospasm. Wartenberg KE, Parra A. J Neuroimaging. 2006 Apr;16(2):170-5.
A reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome.Hinchey J, Chaves C, Appignani B, Breen J, Pao L, Wang A, Pessin MS, Lamy C, Mas JL, Caplan LR. N Engl J Med. 1996 Feb 22;334(8):494-500.
4. Skull, Face and Neck
1. Fractures
Diagnosis of midface fractures with CT: what the surgeon needs to know. Hopper RA, Salemy S, Sze RW. Radiographics. 2006 May-Jun;26(3):783-93.
Imaging of facial trauma. Sun JK, LeMay DR. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2002 May;12(2):295-309.
Temporal bone fractures. Saraiya PV, Aygun N. Emerg Radiol. 2009 Jul;16(4):255-65.
Imaging of traumatic neurovascular injury. Stallmeyer MJ, Morales RE, Flanders AE. Radiol Clin North Am. 2006 Jan;44(1):13-39, vii.
2. Injuries of the orbit
Imaging of orbital trauma. Kubal WS. Radiographics. 2008 Oct;28(6):1729-39.
Nontraumatic orbital conditions: diagnosis with CT and MR imaging in the emergent setting. LeBedis CA, Sakai O. Radiographics. 2008 Oct;28(6):1741-53.
Orbital trauma. Go JL, Vu VN, Lee KJ, Becker TS. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2002 May;12(2):311-24.
5. Spine
Measurement techniques for lower cervical spine injuries: consensus statement of the Spine Trauma Study Group. Bono CM, Vaccaro AR, Fehlings M, Fisher C, Dvorak M, Ludwig S, Harrop J. Spine. 2006 Mar 1;31(5):603-9
Imaging of spinal trauma. Bagley LJ. Radiol Clin North Am. 2006 Jan;44(1):1-12, vii.
Predicting radiology resident errors in diagnosis of cervical spine fractures. Goradia D, Blackmore CC, Talner LB, Bittles M, Meshberg E. Acad Radiol. 2005 Jul;12(7):888-93.
Assessing cervical spine stability in obtunded blunt trauma patients: review of medical literature. Sliker CW, Mirvis SE, Shanmuganathan K. Radiology. 2005 Mar;234(3):733-9.
Cervical spine injury in the elderly: imaging features. Ehara S, Shimamura T. Skeletal Radiol. 2001 Jan;30(1):1-7.
Occipital condyle fractures: clinical presentation and imaging findings in 76 patients. Aulino JM, Tutt LK, Kaye JJ, Smith PW, Morris JA Jr. Emerg Radiol. 2005 Nov;11(6):342-7.
The cervicocranium: its radiographic assessment. Harris J Jr. Radiology. 2001 Feb;218(2):337-51.
Radiologic spectrum of craniocervical distraction injuries.Deliganis AV, Baxter AB, Hanson JA, Fisher DJ, Cohen WA, Wilson AJ, Mann FA. Radiographics. 2000 Oct;20 Spec No:S237-50. Erratum in: Radiographics 2001 Mar-Apr;21(2):520.
Spectrum of imaging findings in hyperextension injuries of the neck. Rao SK, Wasyliw C, Nunez DB Jr. Radiographics. 2005 Sep-Oct;25(5):1239-54.
Vertebral injuries: detection and implications. Daffner RH, Daffner SD. Eur J Radiol. 2002 May;42(2):100-16.
6. Chest
1. Chest trauma
Cardiac CT in the assessment of acute chest pain in the emergency department. Bastarrika G, Thilo C, Headden GF, Zwerner PL, Costello P, Schoepf UJ. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009 Aug;193(2):397-409.
MDCT diagnosis of penetrating diaphragm injury. Bodanapally UK, Shanmuganathan K, Mirvis SE, Sliker CW, Fleiter TR, Sarada K, Miller LA, Stein DM, Alexander M. Eur Radiol. 2009 Aug;19(8):1875-81.
Chest radiography in thoracic polytrauma. Ho ML, Gutierrez FR. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009 Mar;192(3):599-612.
CT features of esophageal emergencies. Young CA, Menias CO, Bhalla S, Prasad SR. Radiographics. 2008 Oct;28(6):1541-53.
Multidetector CT of blunt thoracic trauma. Kaewlai R, Avery LL, Asrani AV, Novelline RA. Radiographics. 2008 Oct;28(6):1555-70
Thoracic vascular injury. Mirvis SE. Radiol Clin North Am. 2006 Mar;44(2):181-97, vii.
Multi-detector row CT of hemoptysis. Bruzzi JF, Rémy-Jardin M, Delhaye D, Teisseire A, Khalil C, Rémy J. Radiographics. 2006 Jan-Feb;26(1):3-22.
Chest wall, lung, and pleural space trauma. Miller LA. Radiol Clin North Am. 2006 Mar;44(2):213-24, viii.
Imaging of penetrating chest trauma. Shanmuganathan K, Matsumoto J. Radiol Clin North Am. 2006 Mar;44(2):225-38, viii.
Nonvascular mediastinal trauma. Euathrongchit J, Thoongsuwan N, Stern EJ. Radiol Clin North Am. 2006 Mar; 44(2):251-8, viii.
Vascular emergencies of the thorax after blunt and iatrogenic trauma: multi-detector row CT and three-dimensional imaging. Alkadhi H, Wildermuth S, Desbiolles L, Schertler T, Crook D, Marincek B, Boehm T. Radiographics. 2004 Sep-Oct;24(5):1239-55.
Vascular injuries of the neck and thoracic inlet: helical CT-angiographic correlation. Núñez DB Jr, Torres-León M, Múnera F. Radiographics. 2004 Jul-Aug;24(4):1087-98; discussion 1099-100.
Imaging of chest trauma: radiological patterns of injury and diagnostic algorithms. Lomoschitz FM, Eisenhuber E, Linnau KF, Peloschek P, Schoder M, Bankier AA. Eur J Radiol. 2003 Oct;48(1):61-70.
Traumatic injuries: imaging of thoracic injuries. Gavelli G, Canini R, Bertaccini P, Battista G, Bnà C, Fattori R. Eur Radiol. 2002 Jun;12(6):1273-94. Epub 2002 Apr 20.
Imaging of blunt chest trauma. Wicky S, Wintermark M, Schnyder P, Capasso P, Denys A. Eur Radiol. 2000;10(10):1524-38.
2. Acute pulmonary infections
Acute lung infections in normal and immunocompromised hosts. Waite S, Jeudy J, White CS. Radiol Clin North Am. 2006 Mar;44(2):295-315, ix.
7. Cardiovascular Emergencies
1. Aorta
Triple rule-out CT in the emergency department: protocols and spectrum of imaging findings. Frauenfelder T, Appenzeller P, Karlo C, Scheffel H, Desbiolles L, Stolzmann P, Marincek B, Alkadhi H, Schertler T. Eur Radiol. 2009 Apr;19(4):789-99.
Spectrum of CT findings in rupture and impending rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Rakita D, Newatia A, Hines JJ, Siegel DN, Friedman B. Radiographics. 2007 Mar-Apr;27(2):497-507.
Infected aortic aneurysms: imaging findings. Macedo TA, Stanson AW, Oderich GS, Johnson CM, Panneton JM, Tie ML. Radiology. 2004 Apr;231(1):250-7. Erratum in: Radiology. 2006 Mar;238(3):1078
Nontraumatic thoracic emergencies. Jeudy J, Waite S, White CS. Radiol Clin North Am. 2006 Mar;44(2):273-93, ix.
Periaortic hematoma at diaphragmatic crura at helical CT: sign of blunt aortic injury in patients with mediastinal hematoma.Wong H, Gotway MB, Sasson AD, Jeffrey RB. Radiology. 2004 Apr;231(1):185-9.
CT in nontraumatic acute thoracic aortic disease: typical and atypical features and complications. Castañer E, Andreu M, Gallardo X, Mata JM, Cabezuelo MA, Pallardó Y. Radiographics. 2003 Oct;23 Spec No:S93-110.
Pathogenesis in acute aortic syndromes: aortic aneurysm leak and rupture and traumatic aortic transection. Macura KJ, Corl FM, Fishman EK, Bluemke DA. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003 Aug;181(2):303-7.
Pathogenesis in acute aortic syndromes: aortic dissection, intramural hematoma, and penetrating atherosclerotic aortic ulcer. Macura KJ, Corl FM, Fishman EK, Bluemke DA. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003 Aug;181(2):309-16.
Aortic dissection: CT features that distinguish true lumen from false lumen. LePage MA, Quint LE, Sonnad SS, Deeb GM, Williams DM. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001 Jul;177(1):207-11.
Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer of the aorta: imaging features and disease concept. Hayashi H, Matsuoka Y, Sakamoto I, Sueyoshi E, Okimoto T, Hayashi K, Matsunaga N. Radiographics. 2000 Jul-Aug;20(4):995-1005.
Pitfalls in the diagnosis of thoracic aortic dissection at CT angiography. Batra P, Bigoni B, Manning J, Aberle DR, Brown K, Hart E, Goldin J. Radiographics. 2000 Mar-Apr;20(2):309-20.
Aortic dissection: diagnosis and follow-up with helical CT. Sebastià C, Pallisa E, Quiroga S, Alvarez-Castells A, Dominguez R, Evangelista A. Radiographics. 1999 Jan-Feb;19(1):45-60; quiz 149-50.
2. Pulmonary Edema
Clinical and radiologic features of pulmonary edema. Gluecker T, Capasso P, Schnyder P, Gudinchet F, Schaller MD, Revelly JP, Chiolero R, Vock P, Wicky S. Radiographics. 1999 Nov-Dec;19(6):1507-31; discussion 1532-3.
3. Thrombo-embolic disease
Acute pulmonary embolism: imaging in the emergency department. Kluetz PG, White CS. Radiol Clin North Am. 2006 Mar;44(2):259-71, ix.
CT angiography of pulmonary embolism: diagnostic criteria and causes of misdiagnosis. Wittram C, Maher MM, Yoo AJ, Kalra MK, Shepard JA, McLoud TC. Radiographics. 2004 Sep-Oct;24(5):1219-38.
Venous protocols, techniques, and interpretations of the upper and lower extremities. Fraser JD, Anderson DR. Radiol Clin North Am. 2004 Mar;42(2):279-96.
Pulmonary embolus imaging with multislice CT. Remy-Jardin M, Mastora I, Remy J. Radiol Clin North Am. 2003 May;41(3):507-19.
Combined CT venography and pulmonary angiography: a comprehensive review. Katz DS, Loud PA, Bruce D, Gittleman AM, Mueller R, Klippenstein DL, Grossman ZD. Radiographics. 2002 Oct;22 Spec No:S3-19; discussion S20-4.
8. Abdomen: Trauma
Diagnostic errors in polytrauma: a structured review of the recent literature. Stanescu L, Talner LB, Mann FA. Emerg Radiol. 2006 Mar;12(3):119-23. Epub 2006 Jan 17.
Multidetector CT evaluation of abdominal trauma. Miller LA, Shanmuganathan K. Radiol Clin North Am. 2005 Nov;43(6):1079-95, viii.
Emergency ultrasound in trauma patients. McGahan JP, Richards J, Fogata ML. Radiol Clin North Am. 2004 Mar;42(2):417-25.
1. Vascular Injuries
Detection of vascular injuries in patients with blunt pelvic trauma by using 64-channel multidetector CT. ertesz JL, Anderson SW, Murakami AM, Pieroni S, Rhea JT, Soto JA.Radiographics. 2009 Jan-Feb;29(1):151-64.
Multidetector CT evaluation of active extravasation in blunt abdominal and pelvic trauma patients. Hamilton JD, Kumaravel M, Censullo ML, Cohen AM, Kievlan DS, West OC. Radiographics. 2008 Oct;28(6):1603-16.
Multidetector CT: detection of active hemorrhage in patients with blunt abdominal trauma. Willmann JK, Roos JE, Platz A, Pfammatter T, Hilfiker PR, Marincek B, Weishaupt D. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2002 Aug;179(2):437-44.
2. Splenic injuries
CT diagnosis of splenic infarction in blunt trauma: imaging features, clinical significance and complications. Miller LA, Mirvis SE, Shanmuganathan K, Ohson AS. Clin Radiol. 2004 Apr;59(4):342-8.
Nonsurgical management of blunt splenic injury: use of CT criteria to select patients for splenic arteriography and potential endovascular therapy. Shanmuganathan K, Mirvis SE, Boyd-Kranis R, Takada T, Scalea TM. Radiology. 2000 Oct;217(1):75-82.
3. Liver injuries
CT in blunt liver trauma. Yoon W, Jeong YY, Kim JK, Seo JJ, Lim HS, Shin SS, Kim JC, Jeong SW, Park JG, Kang HK. Radiographics. 2005 Jan-Feb;25(1):87-104.
4. Bowel & mesenteric injuries
Evaluation of bowel and mesenteric blunt trauma with multidetector CT. Brofman N, Atri M, Hanson JM, Grinblat L, Chughtai T, Brenneman F. Radiographics. 2006 Jul-Aug;26(4):1119-31.
Blunt injury to mesentery and small bowel: CT evaluation. Hanks PW, Brody JM.Radiol Clin North Am. 2003 Nov;41(6):1171-82.
Performance of CT in detection of bowel injury. Butela ST, Federle MP, Chang PJ, Thaete FL, Peterson MS, Dorvault CJ, Hari AK, Soni S, Branstetter BF, Paisley KJ, Huang LF. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001 Jan;176(1):129-35.
CT of blunt trauma bowel and mesenteric injury: typical findings and pitfalls in diagnosis. Brody JM, Leighton DB, Murphy BL, Abbott GF, Vaccaro JP, Jagminas L, Cioffi WG. Radiographics. 2000 Nov-Dec;20(6):1525-36; discussion 1536-7.
5. Pancreatic, Gall and biliary injuries
Diagnosis and classification of pancreatic and duodenal injuries in emergency radiology. Linsenmaier U, Wirth S, Reiser M, Körner M. Radiographics. 2008 Oct;28(6):1591-602.
Posttraumatic bile leaks: role of diagnostic imaging and impact on patient outcome. Fleming KW, Lucey BC, Soto JA, Oates ME. Emerg Radiol. 2006 Mar;12(3):103-7.
Blunt trauma of the pancreas and biliary tract: a multimodality imaging approach to diagnosis. Gupta A, Stuhlfaut JW, Fleming KW, Lucey BC, Soto JA. Radiographics. 2004 Sep-Oct;24(5):1381-95.
6. Renal injuries
Imaging of genitourinary trauma. Ramchandani P, Buckler PM. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009 Jun;192(6):1514-23.
Imaging of renal trauma. Smith JK, Kenney PJ. Radiol Clin North Am. 2003 Sep;41(5):1019-35.
CT findings in blunt renal trauma. Harris AC, Zwirewich CV, Lyburn ID, Torreggiani WC, Marchinkow LO. Radiographics. 2001 Oct;21 Spec No:S201-14.
Imaging of renal trauma: a comprehensive review. Kawashima A, Sandler CM, Corl FM, West OC, Tamm EP, Fishman EK, Goldman SM. Radiographics. 2001 May-Jun;21(3):557-74.
7. Adrenal injuries
Adrenal gland hematomas in trauma patients. Rana AI, Kenney PJ, Lockhart ME, McGwin G Jr, Morgan DE, Windham ST 3rd, Smith JK. Radiology. 2004 Mar;230(3):669-75.
8. Bladder injuries: intraperitoneal and extraperitoneal
CT cystography in the evaluation of major bladder trauma. Vaccaro JP, Brody JM. Radiographics. 2000 Sep-Oct;20(5):1373-81.
9. Abdominal wall and retroperitoneal injuries and diaphragmatic hernias
Traumatic Retroperitoneal Injuries: Review of Multidetector CT Findings. Daly KP, Ho CP, Persson DL, Gay SB. Radiographics. 2008 Oct;28(6):1571-90.
Imaging of diaphragm injuries. Sliker CW. Radiol Clin North Am. 2006 Mar;44(2):199-211, vii.
Imaging of diaphragmatic injury: a diagnostic challenge? Iochum S, Ludig T, Walter F, Sebbag H, Grosdidier G, Blum AG. Radiographics. 2002 Oct;22 Spec No:S103-16; discussion S116-8.
The “dependent viscera” sign in CT diagnosis of blunt traumatic diaphragmatic rupture. Bergin D, Ennis R, Keogh C, Fenlon HM, Murray JG. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001 Nov;177(5):1137-40.
9. Abdomen: Non-traumatic Emergencies
Spectrum of CT findings in patients with atrial fibrillation and nontraumatic acute abdomen. Barajas RF Jr, Yeh BM, Webb EM, Westphalen AC, Poder L, Coakley FV. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009 Aug;193(2):485-92.
CT hypotension complex (shock bowel) is not always due to traumatic hypovolemic shock. Ames JT, Federle MP. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009 May;192(5):W230-5.
Gasless abdomen in the adult: what does it mean? Thompson WM. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2008 Oct;191(4):1093-9.
Abdominal wall hernias: imaging features, complications, and diagnostic pitfalls at multi-detector row CT. Aguirre DA, Santosa AC, Casola G, Sirlin CB. Radiographics. 2005 Nov-Dec;25(6):1501-20.
Disproportionate fat stranding: a helpful CT sign in patients with acute abdominal pain. Pereira JM, Sirlin CB, Pinto PS, Jeffrey RB, Stella DL, Casola G. Radiographics. 2004 May-Jun;24(3):703-15.
Nontraumatic emergent abdominal vascular conditions: advantages of multi-detector row CT and three-dimensional imaging. Frauenfelder T, Wildermuth S, Marincek B, Boehm T. Radiographics. 2004 Mar-Apr;24(2):481-96.
Emergency Doppler evaluation of the liver and kidneys.McNamara MM, Lockhart ME, Robbin ML. Radiol Clin North Am. 2004 Mar;42(2):397-415.
CT of acute abdominal aortic disorders.Bhalla S, Menias CO, Heiken JP. Radiol Clin North Am. 2003 Nov;41(6):1153-69.
Algorithmic approach to CT diagnosis of the abnormal bowel wall. Wittenberg J, Harisinghani MG, Jhaveri K, Varghese J, Mueller PR. Radiographics. 2002 Sep-Oct;22(5):1093-107; discussion 1107-9.
Emphysematous infections of the abdomen and pelvis: a pictorial review. Grayson DE, Abbott RM, Levy AD, Sherman PM. Radiographics. 2002 May-Jun;22(3):543-61.
1. Intraperitoneal hemorrhage
Spontaneous abdominal hemorrhage: causes, CT findings, and clinical implications. Furlan A, Fakhran S, Federle MP. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009 Oct;193(4):1077-87.
Blood in the belly: CT findings of hemoperitoneum. Lubner M, Menias C, Rucker C, Bhalla S, Peterson CM, Wang L, Gratz B. Radiographics. 2007 Jan-Feb;27(1):109-25.
Spontaneous intraperitoneal hemorrhage: imaging features. Mortele KJ, Cantisani V, Brown DL, Ros PR. Radiol Clin North Am. 2003 Nov;41(6):1183-201.
2. Liver and biliary tract
Cross-sectional imaging of acute and chronic gallbladder inflammatory disease. Smith EA, Dillman JR, Elsayes KM, Menias CO, Bude RO. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009 Jan;192(1):188-96.
From the RSNA refresher courses: imaging evaluation for acute pain in the right upper quadrant. Hanbidge AE, Buckler PM, O’Malley ME, Wilson SR. Radiographics. 2004 Jul-Aug;24(4):1117-35.
The infected liver: radiologic-pathologic correlation.Mortelé KJ, Segatto E, Ros PR. Radiographics. 2004 Jul-Aug;24(4):937-55.
Hepatobiliary imaging and its pitfalls. Rubens DJ. Radiol Clin North Am. 2004 Mar;42(2):257-78.
Ultrasound and CT evaluation of emergent gallbladder pathology. Bennett GL, Balthazar EJ. Radiol Clin North Am. 2003 Nov;41(6):1203-16.
Complications of liver transplantation: imaging and intervention. Federle MP, Kapoor V. Radiol Clin North Am. 2003 Nov;41(6):1289-305.
US of liver transplants: normal and abnormal. Crossin JD, Muradali D, Wilson SR. Radiographics. 2003 Sep-Oct;23(5):1093-114.
3. Pancreas
Role of sonography in pancreatic transplantation. Nikolaidis P, Amin RS, Hwang CM, Mc Carthy RM, Clark JH, Gruber SA, Chen PC. Radiographics. 2003 Jul-Aug;23(4):939-49.
Acute pancreatitis: assessment of severity with clinical and CT evaluation. Balthazar EJ. Radiology. 2002 Jun;223(3):603-13.
Complications of acute pancreatitis: clinical and CT evaluation. Balthazar EJ. Radiol Clin North Am. 2002 Dec;40(6):1211-27.
Imaging of chronic pancreatitis. Remer EM, Baker ME. Radiol Clin North Am. 2002 Dec;40(6):1229-42.
4. Urinary tract
Complications of renal transplantation. Akbar SA, Jafri SZ, Amendola MA, Madrazo BL, Salem R, Bis KG. Radiographics. 2005 Sep-Oct;25(5):1335-56.
Mimics of renal colic: alternative diagnoses at unenhanced helical CT. Rucker CM, Menias CO, Bhalla S. Radiographics. 2004 Oct;24 Suppl 1:S11-28; discussion S28-33.
Pearls and pitfalls in the diagnosis of ureterolithiasis with unenhanced helical CT. Dalrymple NC, Casford B, Raiken DP, Elsass KD, Pagan RA. Radiographics. 2000 Mar-Apr;20(2):439-47; quiz 527-8, 532.
CT evaluation of urinary lithiasis. Kenney PJ. Radiol Clin North Am. 2003 Sep;41(5):979-99.
Helical CT in renal transplantation: normal findings and early and late complications. Sebastià C, Quiroga S, Boyé R, Cantarell C, Fernandez-Planas M, Alvarez A. Radiographics. 2001 Sep-Oct;21(5):1103-17.
Complications of renal transplantation: evaluation with US and radionuclide imaging. Brown ED, Chen MY, Wolfman NT, Ott DJ, Watson NE Jr. Radiographics. 2000 May-Jun;20(3):607-22.
5. Gastrointestinal hemorrhage
Acute gastrointestinal bleeding: the potential role of 64 MDCT and 3D imaging in the diagnosis. Horton KM, Jeffrey RB Jr, Federle MP, Fishman EK. Emerg Radiol. 2009 Sep;16(5):349-56.
Pitfalls in detection of acute gastrointestinal bleeding with multi-detector row helical CT. Stuber T, Hoffmann MH, Stuber G, Klass O, Feuerlein S, Aschoff AJ. Abdom Imaging. 2009 Jul;34(4):476-82.
Acute gastrointestinal bleeding: emerging role of multidetector CT angiography and review of current imaging techniques. Laing CJ, Tobias T, Rosenblum DI, Banker WL, Tseng L, Tamarkin SW. Radiographics. 2007 Jul-Aug;27(4):1055-70.
Nontraumatic abdominal hemorrhage: MDCTA. Lemos AA, Sternberg JM, Tognini L, Lauro R, Biondetti PR. Abdom Imaging. 2006 Jan-Feb;31(1):17-24.
Acute gastrointestinal bleeding: contrast-enhanced MDCT. Yoon W, Jeong YY, Kim JK. Abdom Imaging. 2006 Jan-Feb;31(1):1-8.
Ultrasonography of the acute abdomen: gastrointestinal conditions. Puylaert JB. Radiol Clin North Am. 2003 Nov;41(6):1227-42, vii.
6. Bowel obstruction
CT findings of sigmoid volvulus. Levsky JM, Den EI, DuBrow RA, Wolf EL, Rozenblit AM. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010 Jan;194(1):136-43.
Volvulus of the gastrointestinal tract: appearances at multimodality imaging. Peterson CM, Anderson JS, Hara AK, Carenza JW, Menias CO. Radiographics. 2009 Sep-Oct;29(5):1281-93
Can CT features be used to diagnose surgical adult bowel intussusceptions? Sundaram B, Miller CN, Cohan RH, Schipper MJ, Francis IR. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009 Aug;193(2):471-8.
Adult intestinal intussusception: CT appearances and identification of a causative lead point. Kim YH, Blake MA, Harisinghani MG, Archer-Arroyo K, Hahn PF, Pitman MB, Mueller PR. Radiographics. 2006 May-Jun;26(3):733-44.
Identification of adhesions on CT in small-bowel obstruction. Petrovic B, Nikolaidis P, Hammond NA, Grant TH, Miller FH. Emerg Radiol. 2006 Mar;12(3):88-93; discussion 94-5.
CT of internal hernias. Takeyama N, Gokan T, Ohgiya Y, Satoh S, Hashizume T, Hataya K, Kushiro H, Nakanishi M, Kusano M, Munechika H. Radiographics. 2005 Jul-Aug;25(4):997-1015.
Adult intussusception: diagnosis and clinical relevance. Huang BY, Warshauer DM. Radiol Clin North Am. 2003 Nov;41(6):1137-51.
Small-bowel obstruction: optimizing radiologic investigation and nonsurgical management. Maglinte DD, Kelvin FM, Rowe MG, Bender GN, Rouch DM. Radiology. 2001 Jan;218(1):39-46.
Bowel obstruction following liver transplantation: clinical and ct findings in 48 cases with emphasis on internal hernia. Blachar A, Federle MP. Radiology. 2001 Feb;218(2):384-8.
Radiologist performance in the diagnosis of internal hernia by using specific CT findings with emphasis on transmesenteric hernia. Blachar A, Federle MP, Brancatelli G, Peterson MS, Oliver JH 3rd, Li W. Radiology. 2001 Nov;221(2):422-8.
Internal hernia: clinical and imaging findings in 17 patients with emphasis on CT criteria. Blachar A, Federle MP, Dodson SF. Radiology. 2001 Jan;218(1):68-74.
Helical CT in the diagnosis of small bowel obstruction. Furukawa A, Yamasaki M, Furuichi K, Yokoyama K, Nagata T, Takahashi M, Murata K, Sakamoto T. Radiographics. 2001 Mar-Apr;21(2):341-55.
CT evaluation of small bowel obstruction. Boudiaf M, Soyer P, Terem C, Pelage JP, Maissiat E, Rymer R. Radiographics. 2001 May-Jun;21(3):613-24.
7. Bowel infarction and ischemia
CT diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia from various causes. Furukawa A, Kanasaki S, Kono N, Wakamiya M, Tanaka T, Takahashi M, Murata K. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009 Feb;192(2):408-16.
Multi-detector row CT angiography in patients with abdominal angina.Cademartiri F, Raaijmakers RH, Kuiper JW, van Dijk LC, Pattynama PM, Krestin GP. Radiographics. 2004 Jul-Aug;24(4):969-84.
Ultrasound evaluation of abdominal aortic and iliac aneurysms and mesenteric ischemia.Hermsen K, Chong WK. Radiol Clin North Am. 2004 Mar;42(2):365-81.
Intestinal ischemia versus intramural hemorrhage: CT evaluation. Macari M, Chandarana H, Balthazar E, Babb J. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003 Jan;180(1):177-84.
Mesenteric venous thrombosis: diagnosis and noninvasive imaging. Bradbury MS, Kavanagh PV, Bechtold RE, Chen MY, Ott DJ, Regan JD, Weber TM. Radiographics. 2002 May-Jun;22(3):527-41.
Portomesenteric vein gas: pathologic mechanisms, CT findings, and prognosis. Sebastià C, Quiroga S, Espin E, Boyé R, Alvarez-Castells A, Armengol M. Radiographics. 2000 Sep-Oct;20(5):1213-24; discussion 1224-6.
CT and MR imaging findings of bowel ischemia from various primary causes. Rha SE, Ha HK, Lee SH, Kim JH, Kim JK, Kim JH, Kim PN, Lee MG, Auh YH. Radiographics. 2000 Jan-Feb;20(1):29-42.
Ischemic colitis: CT evaluation of 54 cases. Balthazar EJ, Yen BC, Gordon RB. Radiology. 1999 May;211(2):381-8.
8. Perforation
Radiologic diagnosis of gastrointestinal perforation. Rubesin SE, Levine MS. Radiol Clin North Am. 2003 Nov;41(6):1095-115.
9. Appendicitis
Rapid CT diagnosis of acute appendicitis with IV contrast material. Mun S, Ernst RD, Chen K, Oto A, Shah S, Mileski WJ. Emerg Radiol. 2006 Mar;12(3):99-102.
Chronic appendicitis “syndrome” manifested by an appendicolith and thickened appendix presenting as chronic right lower abdominal pain in adults. Giuliano V, Giuliano C, Pinto F, Scaglione M. Emerg Radiol. 2006 Mar;12(3):96-8.
CT appearance of the normal appendix in adults. Tamburrini S, Brunetti A, Brown M, Sirlin CB, Casola G. Eur Radiol. 2005 Oct;15(10):2096-103.
CT evaluation of appendicitis and its complications: imaging techniques and key diagnostic findings. Pinto Leite N, Pereira JM, Cunha R, Pinto P, Sirlin C. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005 Aug;185(2):406-17.
Helical CT evaluation of acute right lower quadrant pain: part I, common mimics of appendicitis. Yu J, Fulcher AS, Turner MA, Halvorsen RA. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005 Apr;184(4):1136-42.
Helical CT evaluation of acute right lower quadrant pain: part II, uncommon mimics of appendicitis. Yu J, Fulcher AS, Turner MA, Halvorsen RA. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005 Apr;184(4):1143-9.
The acute right lower quadrant: CT evaluation. Macari M, Balthazar EJ. Radiol Clin North Am. 2003 Nov;41(6):1117-36.
Acute appendicitis: comparison of helical CT diagnosis focused technique with oral contrast material versus nonfocused technique with oral and intravenous contrast material. Jacobs JE, Birnbaum BA, Macari M, Megibow AJ, Israel G, Maki DD, Aguiar AM, Langlotz CP. Radiology. 2001 Sep;220(3):683-90.
10. Diverticulitis
Computed tomography in the imaging of colonic diverticulitis. Buckley O, Geoghegan T, O’Riordain DS, Lyburn ID, Torreggiani WC. Clin Radiol. 2004 Nov;59(11):977-83.
Diverticulitis versus colon cancer: differentiation with helical CT findings. Chintapalli KN, Chopra S, Ghiatas AA, Esola CC, Fields SF, Dodd GD 3rd. Radiology. 1999 Feb;210(2):429-35.
11. Colitis
Evaluating the CT diagnosis of Clostridium difficile colitis: should CT guide therapy? Kirkpatrick ID, Greenberg HM. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001 Mar;176(3):635-9.
Pseudomembranous colitis: spectrum of imaging findings with clinical and pathologic correlation. Kawamoto S, Horton KM, Fishman EK. Radiographics. 1999 Jul-Aug;19(4):887-97.
12. Epiploic appendagitis
Acute epiploic appendagitis and its mimics. Singh AK, Gervais DA, Hahn PF, Sagar P, Mueller PR, Novelline RA. Radiographics. 2005 Nov-Dec;25(6):1521-34.
13. Inflammatory bowel disease
CT evaluation of the colon: inflammatory disease. Horton KM, Corl FM, Fishman EK. Radiographics. 2000 Mar-Apr;20(2):399-418.
14. Post-Op Abdomen
Internal hernia complications of gastric bypass surgery in the acute setting: spectrum of imaging findings. Patel RY, Baer JW, Texeira J, Frager D, Cooke K. Emerg Radiol. 2009 Jul;16(4):283-9.
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for clinically severe obesity: normal appearance and spectrum of complications at imaging. Merkle EM, Hallowell PT, Crouse C, Nakamoto DA, Stellato TA. Radiology. 2005 Mar;234(3):674-83.
Normal anatomy and complications after gastric bypass surgery: helical CT findings. Yu J, Turner MA, Cho SR, Fulcher AS, DeMaria EJ, Kellum JM, Sugerman HJ. Radiology. 2004 Jun;231(3):753-60.
Gastrointestinal complications of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery: clinical and imaging findings. Blachar A, Federle MP, Pealer KM, Ikramuddin S, Schauer PR. Radiology. 2002 Jun;223(3):625-32.
10. Gynecological /Obstetrical Emergencies
1. Trauma
Radiologic ABCs of maternal and fetal survival after trauma: when minutes may count. Goldman SM, Wagner LK. Radiographics. 1999 Sep-Oct;19(5):1349-57.
Screening helical CT for evaluation of blunt traumatic injury in the pregnant patient. Lowdermilk C, Gavant ML, Qaisi W, West OC, Goldman SM. Radiographics. 1999 Oct;19 Spec No:S243-55; discussion S256-8.
2. Non-traumatic Acute abdomen in women
Pearls and pitfalls in diagnosis of ovarian torsion. Chang HC, Bhatt S, Dogra VS. Radiographics. 2008 Sep-Oct;28(5):1355-68.
Adnexal mass with pelvic pain. Webb EM, Green GE, Scoutt LM. Radiol Clin North Am. 2004 Mar;42(2):329-48.
Recognition of the ovaries and ovarian origin of pelvic masses with CT. Saksouk FA, Johnson SC. Radiographics. 2004 Oct;24 Suppl 1:S133-46.
CT and MR imaging features of adnexal torsion. Rha SE, Byun JY, Jung SE, Jung JI, Choi BG, Kim BS, Kim H, Lee JM. Radiographics. 2002 Mar-Apr;22(2):283-94.
Gynecologic causes of acute pelvic pain: spectrum of CT findings. Bennett GL, Slywotzky CM, Giovanniello G. Radiographics. 2002 Jul-Aug;22(4):785-801.
3. Pregnancy related emergencies
Quality initiatives: imaging pregnant patients with suspected pulmonary embolism: what the radiologist needs to know. Pahade JK, Litmanovich D, Pedrosa I, Romero J, Bankier AA, Boiselle PM. Radiographics. 2009 May-Jun;29(3):639-54.
Diagnostic clues to ectopic pregnancy. Lin EP, Bhatt S, Dogra VS. Radiographics. 2008 Oct;28(6):1661-71
Sonographic evaluation of first-trimester bleeding.Paspulati RM, Bhatt S, Nour SG. Radiol Clin North Am. 2004 Mar;42(2):297-314.
The role of ultrasound in pregnancy-related emergencies.Lazebnik N, Lazebnik RS. Radiol Clin North Am. 2004 Mar;42(2):315-27.
11. Male Genitourinary Emergencies
1. Urethra and penis
Urethral injuries after pelvic trauma: evaluation with urethrography. Ingram MD, Watson SG, Skippage PL, Patel U. Radiographics. 2008 Oct;28(6):1631-43.
Priapism. Sadeghi-Nejad H, Dogra V, Seftel AD, Mohamed MA. Radiol Clin North Am. 2004 Mar;42(2):427-43.
CT signs of urethral injury. Ali M, Safriel Y, Sclafani SJ, Schulze R. Radiographics. 2003 Jul-Aug;23(4):951-63; discussion 963-6.
2. Scrotal and testicular
Acute idiopathic scrotal edema: ultrasonographic findings at an emergency unit. Lee A, Park SJ, Lee HK, Hong HS, Lee BH, Kim DH. Eur Radiol. 2009 Aug;19(8):2075-80.
Role of US in testicular and scrotal trauma. Bhatt S, Dogra VS. Radiographics. 2008 Oct;28(6):1617-29.
Fournier gangrene: role of imaging. Levenson RB, Singh AK, Novelline RA. Radiographics. 2008 Mar-Apr;28(2):519-28.
US of acute scrotal trauma: optimal technique, imaging findings, and management. Deurdulian C, Mittelstaedt CA, Chong WK, Fielding JR. Radiographics. 2007 Mar-Apr;27(2):357-69.
Acute painful scrotum. Dogra V, Bhatt S. Radiol Clin North Am. 2004 Mar;42(2):349-63.
Sonography of the scrotum. Dogra VS, Gottlieb RH, Oka M, Rubens DJ. Radiology. 2003 Apr;227(1):18-36.
12. Emergency Interventions
Emergency joint aspiration: a guide for radiologists on call. Lin HM, Learch TJ, White EA, Gottsegen CJ. Radiographics. 2009 Jul-Aug;29(4):1139-58.
Ultrasound guidance for vascular access. Abboud PA, Kendall JL. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2004 Aug;22(3):749-73
Procedural applications of ultrasound. Tibbles CD, Porcaro W. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2004 Aug;22(3):797-815.
The inaccessible or undrainable abscess: how to drain it. Maher MM, Gervais DA, Kalra MK, Lucey B, Sahani DV, Arellano R, Hahn PF, Mueller PR. Radiographics. 2004 May-Jun;24(3):717-35.
Emergent ultrasound interventions. Nakamoto DA, Haaga JR. Radiol Clin North Am. 2004 Mar;42(2):457-78.
Various approaches for CT-guided percutaneous biopsy of deep pelvic lesions: anatomic and technical considerations. Gupta S, Nguyen HL, Morello FA Jr, Ahrar K, Wallace MJ, Madoff DC, Murthy R, Hicks ME. Radiographics. 2004 Jan-Feb;24(1):175-89.
Urine leaks and urinomas: diagnosis and imaging-guided intervention. Titton RL, Gervais DA, Hahn PF, Harisinghani MG, Arellano RS, Mueller PR. Radiographics. 2003 Sep-Oct;23(5):1133-47.
13. Foreign Bodies, Lines and Devices
Gallery of medical devices: part 2: devices of the head, neck, spine, chest, and abdomen. Taljanovic MS, Hunter TB, O’Brien MJ, Schwartz SA. Radiographics. 2005 Jul-Aug;25(4):1119-32.
Gallery of medical devices: part 1: orthopedic devices for the extremities and pelvis. Taljanovic MS, Hunter TB, Miller MD, Sheppard JE. Radiographics. 2005 May-Jun;25(3):859-70.
Medical devices of the abdomen and pelvis. Hunter TB, Taljanovic MS. Radiographics. 2005 Mar-Apr;25(2):503-23.
Medical devices of the chest. Hunter TB, Taljanovic MS, Tsau PH, Berger WG, Standen JR. Radiographics. 2004 Nov-Dec;24(6):1725-46.
Medical devices of the head, neck, and spine. Hunter TB, Yoshino MT, Dzioba RB, Light RA, Berger WG. Radiographics. 2004 Jan-Feb;24(1):257-85. Erratum in: Radiographics. 2004 Mar-Apr;24(2):418.
Fracture fixation. Taljanovic MS, Jones MD, Ruth JT, Benjamin JB, Sheppard JE, Hunter TB. Radiographics. 2003 Nov-Dec;23(6):1569-90.
Joint arthroplasties and prostheses. Taljanovic MS, Jones MD, Hunter TB, Benjamin JB, Ruth JT, Brown AW, Sheppard JE. Radiographics. 2003 Sep-Oct;23(5):1295-314.
Glossary of medical devices and procedures: abbreviations, acronyms, and definitions. Hunter TB, Taljanovic MS. Radiographics. 2003 Jan-Feb;23(1):195-213.
14. Muskuloskeletal
CT angiography signs of lower extremity vascular trauma. Gakhal MS, Sartip KA. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009 Jul;193(1):W49-57.
Use of 64-row multidetector CT angiography in blunt and penetrating trauma of the upper and lower extremities. Pieroni S, Foster BR, Anderson SW, Kertesz JL, Rhea JT, Soto JA. Pieroni S, Foster BR, Anderson SW, Kertesz JL, Rhea JT, Soto JA.
Multidetector CT of carpal injuries: anatomy, fractures, and fracture-dislocations. Kaewlai R, Avery LL, Asrani AV, Abujudeh HH, Sacknoff R, Novelline RA. Radiographics. 2008 Oct;28(6):1771-84.
Multidetector CT and three-dimensional CT angiography for suspected vascular trauma of the extremities. Fishman EK, Horton KM, Johnson PT. Radiographics. 2008 May-Jun;28(3):653-65; discussion 665-6.
Musculoskeletal infection: role of CT in the emergency department. Fayad LM, Carrino JA, Fishman EK. Radiographics. 2007 Nov-Dec;27(6):1723-36.
Diagnosing traumatic arterial injury in the extremities with CT angiography: pearls and pitfalls. Miller-Thomas MM, West OC, Cohen AM. Radiographics. 2005 Oct;25 Suppl 1:S133-42.
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